Not all Bauhaus buildings look alike, but in general they eschew ornamentation to focus on simple, rational, functional design use simple geometric forms such as the triangle, square, and circle asymmetry use of modern materials such as steel, glass, concrete flat roofs glass curtain walls smooth façades. By synthesizing fine arts, crafts, design, architecture, and technology, the Bauhaus promoted rational, functional design that embraced a form follows function, less is more ethos. Features of industrial architecture may include large, open floor plans high ceilings raw rough materials such as concrete, brick, and metal lack of ornamentation on building façade exposed brick, ductwork and piping and large metal-grid windows.īauhaus architecture came out of the influential German school founded by Walter Gropius (1883-1969) in the early 20th century, which had a utopian aim to create a radically new form of architecture and design to help rebuild society after World War I. The first industrial buildings were constructed in the 1700s during the first Industrial Revolution that took place mainly in Britain from 1760 to 1830.īut today when we reference industrial architecture, we are mostly referring to the buildings that emerged as a response to the widespread use of new materials such as metal and concrete as well as mass production methods brought on by the Second Industrial Revolution of the late 19th and early 20th century, and which formed the building blocks for Modern Architecture.
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Interiors featured simple, fairly open layouts graceful proportions tall parlor floor windows and doors ornate plasterwork ceilings plain plaster walls wide plank floors and ornate ceiling mantels.Īn umbrella term used to describe buildings constructed to facilitate the needs of industry, industrial architecture encompasses a range of building types and styles that mix functionality and design and can be found all over the industrialized world, such as factories, warehouses, foundries, steel mills, water towers, grain silos, distilleries, breweries, refineries, power plants, and other utilitarian structures.
Inspired by the birthplace of democracy, Americans borrowed classical elements to design buildings for what was then a still new democracy, such as columns with Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian details, painted white to mimic the marble used in ancient Greece gently sloping roofs with gable fronts and elaborate door surrounds. as it spread from the East Coast across the country to the West Coast, leaving state capitol buildings, banks, New England churches, urban row houses, galleried cottages, and southern plantation houses in its wake. In the U.S., Greek Revival reached peak popularity from 1825 to 1860, and became the first dominant national style of architecture in the U.S. Greek Revival architecture is inspired by the symmetry, proportion, simplicity, and elegance of the ancient Greek temples of 5th century B.C.
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